KMID : 1161420230260050307
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Journal of Medicinal Food 2023 Volume.26 No. 5 p.307 ~ p.318
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Juniper Berries Regulate Diabetes and Obesity Markers Through Modulating PPAR¥á, PPAR¥ã, and LXR: In Vitro and In Vivo Effects
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Chae Hee-Sung
Olivia Dale Tahir M. Mir Mohammad K. Ashfaq Bharathi Avula Larry A. Walker Ikhlas A. Khan Shabana I. Khan
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Abstract
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The berries of Juniperus communis have been traditionally used for therapeutic purposes. They have been reported to possess various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities. In this study, a methanolic extract of J. communis berries (JB) was evaluated for its effects on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPAR¥á and PPAR¥ã), liver X receptor (LXR), glucose uptake and lipid accumulation using various cellular systems. At a concentration of 25?¥ìg/mL, JB caused 3.77-fold activation of PPAR¥á, 10.90-fold activation of PPAR¥ã, and 4.43-fold activation of LXR in hepatic cells. JB inhibited (11%) the adipogenic effect induced by rosiglitazone in adipocytes and increased glucose uptake (90%) in muscle cells. In high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice, JB at a dose of 25?mg/kg body weight exhibited a 21% decrease in body weight. Fasting glucose levels in mice treated with 12.5?mg/kg of JB were significantly decreased (39%) indicating its efficacy in regulating hyperglycemia and obesity induced by HFD thus ameliorating the symptoms of type 2 diabetes. A series of energy metabolic genes, including Sirt1 (2.00-fold) and RAF1 (2.04-fold), were upregulated by JB, while rosiglitazone regulated the hepatic PPAR¥ã only. Phytochemical analysis of JB indicated presence of a number of flavonoids and biflavonoids which seem to be responsible for the observed activity. It was concluded that JB acted as a multiple agonist of PPAR¥á, PPAR¥ã and LXR without the undesired effect of adipogenesis and exhibited the property of enhancing glucose uptake. The regulation of PPAR¥á, PPAR¥ã and LXR seems to be through Sirt1 and RAF1. In vivo results confirmed the antidiabetic and antiobesity potential of JB and indicated its utility in metabolic disorder and type 2 diabetes.
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KEYWORD
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adipogenesis, glucose uptake, Juniperus communis, LXR, obesity, PPARs
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